Spark Wave® Literature

Clinical Evidence & Peer-Reviewed Publications

MTS Spark Wave Technology has been the subject of numerous extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) studies, published in peer-reviewed medical journals internationally. These publications report on a wide range of therapeutic applications, including regenerative medicine, orthopaedics, urology and dermatology.

This collection comprises:

Clinical trials and multi-centre observational studies

Research exploring proposed mechanisms of action

Long-term follow-up reports discussing safety and treatment outcomes

Together, these publications reflect the growing scientific evidence for extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and provide a resource for clinicians and researchers exploring non-invasive treatment approaches.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Rhim et al., 2024	Use of extracorporeal shockwave therapies for athletes and physically active individuals: a systematic review	ESWT alone or as an adjunct to exercise treatment shows promising results for athletes and physically active individuals to accelerate healing.
Avendano-Lopez et al., 2024	Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain and Function in Myofascial Pain Syndrome	ESWT is effective in relieving pain and function.
Quadlbauer et al., 2023	Double screw versus angular stable plate fixation of scaphoid waist nonunions in combination with intraoperative extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT)	ESWT supports healing of non unions in combination with screw or plate fixation.
Ramon et al., 2023	Shockwave Treatment vs Surgery for Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Stress Fractures in Soccer Players: A Pilot Study	ESWT reduces pain and achieves bone healing offering a non-invasive alternative to surgery for stress fractures, with comparable outcomes and a lower risk for complications.
Mittermayr et al., 2021	The role of shockwaves in the enhancement of bone repair - from basic principles to clinical application	ESWT provides reliable and highly effective treatment for delayed or non-healing fractures.
Dahm et al., 2021	High‑energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in humeral delayed and non‑unions	High-energy ESWT promotes bone healing in non-union fractures.
Fansa et al., 2021	Efficacy of Unfocused Medium-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (MI-ESWT) for Plantar Fasciitis	ESWT significantly reliefs pain. High patient satisfaction.
Gstoettner et al., 2021	Successful salvage via re-osseointegration of a loosened implant in a patient with transtibial amputation	ESWT supports implant stability and successful prosthetic integration
Al-Abbad et al. 2020	The effects of shockwave therapy on musculoskeletal conditions based on changes in imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression	ESWT has positive effect on lesion size and calcium deposit in musculoskeletal conditions.
Auersperg et al., 2020	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy: an update	ESWT is a safe and effective treatment option for pseudoarthrosis, delayed fracture healing, bone marrow oedema and osteonecrosis in its early stages, insertional tendinopathies such as plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendon fasciitis, calcifying tendonitis of the rotator cuff, tennis elbow, and wound healing problems.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Wang et al., 2024	Therapeutic implications of extracorporeal shock waves in burn wound healing	ESWT is a non-invasive, simple, efficient, and portable procedure, and its application in the treatment of burn patients greatly significant to their prognosis.
Wu et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) favors healing of diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT was significantly associated with completely healed ulcers, showing superiority to standard of care and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Chuangsuwanich et al., 2022	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Hypertrophic Scars	ESWT improves scar color, stiffness, thickness, irregularity, as well as pain and pruritus.
Yang et al., 2022	Safety and efficacy of treating post-burn pathological scars with extracorporeal shock wave therapy: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	9 RCTs and 422 patients prove: ESWT combined with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy relieves pain and pruritus and improves scars appearance and elasticity.
Marcus et al., 2020	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (Eswt) For the Treatment of Chronic, Non-Healing Wounds: A Case Series	Chronic wounds show progressive healing after ESWT.
Huang et al., 2019	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Treating Foot Ulcers in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials	ESWT effectively improves the complete cure rate and shortens the healing time.
Zhang et al., 2018	Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for acute and chronic soft tissue wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis	10 RCTs with 473 patients reveal significantly increased healing rates of acute and chronic soft tissue wounds.
Saggini et al., 2015	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: An Emerging Treatment Modality for Retracting Scars of the Hands	ESWT significantly improves scar appearance (pliability, vascularity, pigmentation, height), pain and range of motion. Increased dermal fibroblasts, neoangiogenetic response and type-I collagen concentration. ESWT promotes collagen remodelling.
Dymarek et al., 2014	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as an Adjunct Wound Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Literature	ESWT is mostly painless, non-invasive and safe.
Saggini et al., 2013	Chronic ulcers: treatment with unfocused extracorporeal shock waves	ESWT reduces pain and wound size

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Janout et al., 2025	Use of Secondary Reflectors for Enhanced ESWT Treatment of the Penis	The combination of IML and secondary reflector increased the treatment volume, improved energy control, and reduced the number of shots potentially required per therapy session.
Goldstein et al., 2024	Randomized trial of low intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction utilizing grayscale ultrasound for analysis of erectile tissue homogeneity/inhomogeneity	Signficantly improved erectile function score, correlates with objective tissue quality measurements.
Labetov et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analyses	Long lasting symptom and pain relief after ESWT. Non-invasive treatment option with a high level of safety.
Li et al., 2024	Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Peyroniès disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT alleviates pain and reduces plaque size.
Rubinio et al., 2024	Impact of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy on vascular parameters and sexual function in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction	ESWT leads to a significant increase in blood flow measurements and erectile function.
Yazar et al., 2024	Successful treatment of hard flaccid syndrome with multimodal therapy: a case report study	ESWT in combination with PDE5-i and physical therapy reduced hard flaccid symptoms and pelvic pain and therefore improved erectile function.
Wang et al., 2023	Updated recommendations on the therapeutic role of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for peyronie’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT can help relieve pain for patients with Peyronies disease.
Liu et al., 2022	Effects of Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	ESWT leads to significant improvements in erectile functions. Best outcomes for mild to moderate ED.
Kong et al, 2022	The efficacy and safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave treatment combined with or without medications in Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT significantly improves quality of life by reducing pain and urinary symptoms.
Yao et al., 2022	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 16 Randomized Controlled Trials of Clinical Outcomes of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Treating Erectile Dysfunction	High evidence for efficacy of ESWT for ED. 17 trials with over 1.000 patients prove that ESWT significantly improves erectile function and hardness.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Singh et al., 2024	Prospective Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shockwave in Renal and Upper Ureteric Stone Treatment: Clinical Assessment and Results.	ESWL is a noninvasive and effective treatment option for small renal and upper ureteric stones.
Oliveira et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: retrospective study on possible predictors of treatment success and revisiting the role of non-contrast-enhanced computer tomography in kidney and ureteral stone disease. Urolithiasis.	In more than 300 patients the overall success rate was 85%.
Kocakgöl et al., 2019	Efficacy and Predictive Factors of the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of One-thousand-nine-hundred-ninety- seven Patients.	Data of almost 2000 patients showed a success rate in stone fragmentation in over 80% of patients.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Chen et al., 2023	Compare the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on enhancing wound healing in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodent model	ESWT supports diabetic wound healing.
Monclus et al., 2023	Shock waves as treatment of mouse myofascial trigger points	ESWT can help to resolve myofacial trigger points.
Poenaru et al., 2023	Biological effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in tendons: A systematic review	Review of current basic research on the effect of ESWT on tendon.
Chen et al., 2022	Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy in vivo (review)	Review of current basic research on the effect of ESWT on tendon.
Ryskalin et al. 2022	Mechanisms Underlying the Pain-Relieving Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: A Focus on Fascia Nociceptors.	Summary of the current understanding of ESWT and its pain-relieving mechanisms.
Holsapple at al., 2021	Low Intensity Shockwave Treatment Modulates Macrophage Functions Beneficial to Healing Chronic Wounds	ESWT improves wound healing by improving blood supply and modulation of inflammatory processes.
Basoli et al., 2020	Mechanical Stimulation of Fibroblasts by Extracorporeal Shock Waves: Modulation of Cell Activation and Proliferation Through a Transient Proinflammatory Milieu	ESWT leads to increased cell proliferation, ATP and ROS release and cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8).
Chen et al., 2020	The Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Involves in the GSK-3 Pathway	The study reveals a fundamental mechanism underlying the accelerated healing induced by ESWT.
Chen et al., 2020	Proteomic Analysis of Peri-Wounding Tissue Expressions in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model	ESWT changes protein expression and improves wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and modulation of inflammation.
Simplicio et al., 2020	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy mechanisms in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.	This review provides an overview of the main biological processes underlying regenerative healing mechanisms.

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Search by author or title

Author	Title	Main Outcome
Janout et al., 2025	Use of Secondary Reflectors for Enhanced ESWT Treatment of the Penis	The combination of IML and secondary reflector increased the treatment volume, improved energy control, and reduced the number of shots potentially required per therapy session.
Avendano-Lopez et al., 2024	Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain and Function in Myofascial Pain Syndrome	ESWT is effective in relieving pain and function.
Goldstein et al., 2024	Randomized trial of low intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction utilizing grayscale ultrasound for analysis of erectile tissue homogeneity/inhomogeneity	Signficantly improved erectile function score, correlates with objective tissue quality measurements.
Labetov et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analyses	Long lasting symptom and pain relief after ESWT. Non-invasive treatment option with a high level of safety.
Li et al., 2024	Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Peyroniès disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT alleviates pain and reduces plaque size.
Rhim et al., 2024	Use of extracorporeal shockwave therapies for athletes and physically active individuals: a systematic review	ESWT alone or as an adjunct to exercise treatment shows promising results for athletes and physically active individuals to accelerate healing.
Rubinio et al., 2024	Impact of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy on vascular parameters and sexual function in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction	ESWT leads to a significant increase in blood flow measurements and erectile function.
Singh et al., 2024	Prospective Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shockwave in Renal and Upper Ureteric Stone Treatment: Clinical Assessment and Results.	ESWL is a noninvasive and effective treatment option for small renal and upper ureteric stones.
Oliveira et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: retrospective study on possible predictors of treatment success and revisiting the role of non-contrast-enhanced computer tomography in kidney and ureteral stone disease. Urolithiasis.	In more than 300 patients the overall success rate was 85%.
Wang et al., 2024	Therapeutic implications of extracorporeal shock waves in burn wound healing	ESWT is a non-invasive, simple, efficient, and portable procedure, and its application in the treatment of burn patients greatly significant to their prognosis.