Spark Wave® Literature

Clinical Evidence & Peer-Reviewed Publications

MTS Spark Wave Technology has been the subject of numerous extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) studies, published in peer-reviewed medical journals internationally. These publications report on a wide range of therapeutic applications, including regenerative medicine, orthopaedics, urology and dermatology.

This collection comprises:

Clinical trials and multi-centre observational studies

Research exploring proposed mechanisms of action

Long-term follow-up reports discussing safety and treatment outcomes

Together, these publications reflect the growing scientific evidence for extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and provide a resource for clinicians and researchers exploring non-invasive treatment approaches.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Al-Abbad et al. 2020	The effects of shockwave therapy on musculoskeletal conditions based on changes in imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression	ESWT has positive effect on lesion size and calcium deposit in musculoskeletal conditions.
Auersperg et al., 2020	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy: an update	ESWT is a safe and effective treatment option for pseudoarthrosis, delayed fracture healing, bone marrow oedema and osteonecrosis in its early stages, insertional tendinopathies such as plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendon fasciitis, calcifying tendonitis of the rotator cuff, tennis elbow, and wound healing problems.
Avendano-Lopez et al., 2024	Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain and Function in Myofascial Pain Syndrome	ESWT is effective in relieving pain and function.
Dahm et al., 2021	High‑energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in humeral delayed and non‑unions	High-energy ESWT promotes bone healing in non-union fractures.
Fansa et al., 2021	Efficacy of Unfocused Medium-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (MI-ESWT) for Plantar Fasciitis	ESWT significantly reliefs pain. High patient satisfaction.
Furia et al, 2010	Shock Wave Therapy Compared with Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Nonunion of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Fractures	ESWT offers a non-invasive alternative to surgery for non- union fractures, with comparable outcomes and a lower risk for complications.
Gstoettner et al., 2021	Successful salvage via re-osseointegration of a loosened implant in a patient with transtibial amputation	ESWT supports implant stability and successful prosthetic integration
Haffner et al., 2016	Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) ameliorates healing of tibial fracture non-union unresponsive to conventional therapy	ESWT proved to be a safe, effective and non-invasive treatment modality in tibial non-unions. The procedure is well tolerated and time-saving, with potential to significantly decrease health care costs.
Hsu et al., 2008	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder	High energy ESWT improves pain and function.
Mittermayr et al., 2021	The role of shockwaves in the enhancement of bone repair - from basic principles to clinical application	ESWT provides reliable and highly effective treatment for delayed or non-healing fractures.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Chuangsuwanich et al., 2022	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Hypertrophic Scars	ESWT improves scar color, stiffness, thickness, irregularity, as well as pain and pruritus.
Dumfarth et al., 2008	Prophylactic Low-Energy Shock Wave Therapy Improves Wound Healing After Vein Harvesting for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Trial	Low-energy shock wave therapy improves healing - Significantly higher percentage of patients with satisfactory healing compared to control (80% vs 40%).
Dymarek et al., 2014	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as an Adjunct Wound Treatment: A Systematic Review of the Literature	ESWT is mostly painless, non-invasive and safe.
Huang et al., 2019	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Treating Foot Ulcers in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials	ESWT effectively improves the complete cure rate and shortens the healing time.
Larking et al., 2010	Randomized control of extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus placebo for chronic decubitus ulceration	Safe application of ESWT for decubitus ulcers.
Marcus et al., 2020	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (Eswt) For the Treatment of Chronic, Non-Healing Wounds: A Case Series	Chronic wounds show progressive healing after ESWT.
Ottomann et al., 2009	Accelerated reepithelisation of a IIb° scald through extracorporeal shock wave therapy	ESWT can be safely applied for second degree burns.
Ottomann et al., 2010	Prospective Randomized Trial of Accelerated Re-epithelization of Skin Graft Donor Sites Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy	Significantly faster reepithelialization after single ESWT application.
Ottomann et al., 2012	Prospective Randomized Phase II Trial of Accelerated Reepithelialization of Superficial Second-Degree Burn Wounds Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy	ESWT accelerates wound healing. Less patients develop infections or bacteremia after ESWT.
Saggini et al., 2013	Chronic ulcers: treatment with unfocused extracorporeal shock waves	ESWT reduces pain and wound size

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Birowo et al., 2020	Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT significantly reduces pain, improves urinary symptoms and quality of life for patients with CP.
Goldstein et al., 2024	Randomized trial of low intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction utilizing grayscale ultrasound for analysis of erectile tissue homogeneity/inhomogeneity	Signficantly improved erectile function score, correlates with objective tissue quality measurements.
Janout et al., 2025	Use of Secondary Reflectors for Enhanced ESWT Treatment of the Penis	The combination of IML and secondary reflector increased the treatment volume, improved energy control, and reduced the number of shots potentially required per therapy session.
Kong et al, 2022	The efficacy and safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave treatment combined with or without medications in Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT significantly improves quality of life by reducing pain and urinary symptoms.
Labetov et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analyses	Long lasting symptom and pain relief after ESWT. Non-invasive treatment option with a high level of safety.
Li et al., 2024	Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Peyroniès disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT alleviates pain and reduces plaque size.
Liu et al., 2022	Effects of Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	ESWT leads to significant improvements in erectile functions. Best outcomes for mild to moderate ED.
Porst et al., 2020	Review of the Current Status of Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (Li-ESWT) in Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Peyronie's Disease (PD), and Sexual Rehabilitation After Radical Prostatectomy With Special Focus on Technical Aspects of the Different Marketed ESWT Devices Including Personal Experiences in 350 Patients	ESWT improves sexual function and can help converting non- responders to responders.
Rubinio et al., 2024	Impact of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy on vascular parameters and sexual function in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction	ESWT leads to a significant increase in blood flow measurements and erectile function.
Wang et al., 2023	Updated recommendations on the therapeutic role of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for peyronie’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT can help relieve pain for patients with Peyronies disease.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Kocakgöl et al., 2019	Efficacy and Predictive Factors of the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Review of One-thousand-nine-hundred-ninety- seven Patients.	Data of almost 2000 patients showed a success rate in stone fragmentation in over 80% of patients.
Oliveira et al., 2024	Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: retrospective study on possible predictors of treatment success and revisiting the role of non-contrast-enhanced computer tomography in kidney and ureteral stone disease. Urolithiasis.	In more than 300 patients the overall success rate was 85%.
Singh et al., 2024	Prospective Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shockwave in Renal and Upper Ureteric Stone Treatment: Clinical Assessment and Results.	ESWL is a noninvasive and effective treatment option for small renal and upper ureteric stones.

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Author	Title	Main Outcome
Antonic et al., 2015	Extracorporeal Shockwaves (ESW) Promote Proliferation and Differentiation of Keratinocytes In vitro-Histology and Immunohistochemistry	ESWT increased proliferation rate and accelerates wound healing.
Ashmwe et al., 2022	Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Functional Recovery and Circulating miR-375 and miR-382-5p after Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats	ESWT treatment showed functional improvement after spinal cord injury.
Basoli et al., 2020	Mechanical Stimulation of Fibroblasts by Extracorporeal Shock Waves: Modulation of Cell Activation and Proliferation Through a Transient Proinflammatory Milieu	ESWT leads to increased cell proliferation, ATP and ROS release and cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8).
Chen et al., 2019	Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related pathway involved in extracorporeal shockwave therapy accelerate diabetic wound healing	ESWT promotes neovascularization and tissue regeneration.
Chen et al., 2020	Proteomic Analysis of Peri-Wounding Tissue Expressions in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model	ESWT changes protein expression and improves wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and modulation of inflammation.
Chen et al., 2020	The Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Involves in the GSK-3 Pathway	The study reveals a fundamental mechanism underlying the accelerated healing induced by ESWT.
Chen et al., 2022	Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy in vivo (review)	Review of current basic research on the effect of ESWT on tendon.
Chen et al., 2023	Compare the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on enhancing wound healing in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodent model	ESWT supports diabetic wound healing.
Gollmann- Tepeküylü et al., 2020	Shockwaves promote spinal cord repair via TLR3	Through activating specific signaling pathways, ESWT can help with neuroprotection and spinal cord repair.
Gollmann-Tepeköylü et al., 2018	Shockwave Therapy Improves Cardiac Function in a Model of Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure: Evidence for a Mechanism Involving VEGF Signaling and the Extracellular Matrix	ESWT is a promising option for regeneration of ischemic myocardium and has positive affects on heart function.

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Search by author or title

Author	Title	Main Outcome
Al-Abbad et al. 2020	The effects of shockwave therapy on musculoskeletal conditions based on changes in imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression	ESWT has positive effect on lesion size and calcium deposit in musculoskeletal conditions.
Antonic et al., 2015	Extracorporeal Shockwaves (ESW) Promote Proliferation and Differentiation of Keratinocytes In vitro-Histology and Immunohistochemistry	ESWT increased proliferation rate and accelerates wound healing.
Ashmwe et al., 2022	Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Functional Recovery and Circulating miR-375 and miR-382-5p after Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats	ESWT treatment showed functional improvement after spinal cord injury.
Auersperg et al., 2020	Extracorporeal shock wave therapy: an update	ESWT is a safe and effective treatment option for pseudoarthrosis, delayed fracture healing, bone marrow oedema and osteonecrosis in its early stages, insertional tendinopathies such as plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendon fasciitis, calcifying tendonitis of the rotator cuff, tennis elbow, and wound healing problems.
Avendano-Lopez et al., 2024	Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain and Function in Myofascial Pain Syndrome	ESWT is effective in relieving pain and function.
Basoli et al., 2020	Mechanical Stimulation of Fibroblasts by Extracorporeal Shock Waves: Modulation of Cell Activation and Proliferation Through a Transient Proinflammatory Milieu	ESWT leads to increased cell proliferation, ATP and ROS release and cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8).
Birowo et al., 2020	Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	ESWT significantly reduces pain, improves urinary symptoms and quality of life for patients with CP.
Chen et al., 2019	Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related pathway involved in extracorporeal shockwave therapy accelerate diabetic wound healing	ESWT promotes neovascularization and tissue regeneration.
Chen et al., 2020	The Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Involves in the GSK-3 Pathway	The study reveals a fundamental mechanism underlying the accelerated healing induced by ESWT.
Chen et al., 2020	Proteomic Analysis of Peri-Wounding Tissue Expressions in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model	ESWT changes protein expression and improves wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and modulation of inflammation.